SusanOsireditseKeitumetse

LucHens

DavidNorrisEditors

Sustainability

in Developing

Countries

Case Studies fromBotswana’s journey

towards2030 Agenda

Sustainability in Developing Countries

Susan Osireditse Keitumetse • Luc Hens

David Norris

Editors

Sustainability in Developing

Countries

Case Studies fromBotswana’s journey

towards 2030 Agenda

ISBN 978-3-030-48350-0 ISBN 978-3-030-48351-7 (eBook)

https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-48351-7

Switzerland AG 2020

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Editors

Susan Osireditse Keitumetse

Okavango Research Institute (ORI)

University of Botswana

Maun, Botswana

David Norris

University of Botswana

Gaborone, Botswana

Luc Hens

Department of Economics,

Entrepreneurship and

Business-Administration

Sumy State University

Sumy, Ukraine

Vlaamse Instelling voor Technologisch

Brussels, Belgium

Preface

The year 2020 marks the ten-year period before 2030 agenda for sustainable devel-

opment (SD) elapses. This timeframe has been declared “A Decade of Action for the

Sustainable Development Goals” by United Nations Secretary-General. During this

period, 17 sustainable development goals (SDGs) and their 169 targets adopted in

2015 must be delivered worldwide. Baseline knowledge becomes necessary in this

regard. This book volume is produced as an effort to add to the decade of action for

SDGs by addressing the task of “engagement of stakeholders”—whereby African

academic publishing provides the voice (experiences as outlined by authors) that

propels action with direction. This mode of sustainability reporting is lacking in

most African regions.

The United Nations Secretary-General, Antonio Gutteres, in his 2019 address to

a High-Level Political Forum on Sustainable Development said: “I am calling on

civil society, grassroot organizations, media, private sector, unions, academia and

others to mobilize partnerships like never before” (https://www.un.org/sg/en/con-

tent/sg/speeches/2019-09-24/remarks-high-level-political-sustainable-develop-

ment-forum). This publication adds this call by contributing knowledge that feeds

into actions toward the 2030 agenda.

Although the African continent hosts a hub of experiences with potential to pro-

vide quality case studies for the content of the 17 SDGs, African academia lacks

behind in contributing knowledge for solutions to global challenges. This is mainly

because African academics struggle to secure quality publishing platforms such as

Springer, the one hosting contributions in this book. Therefore, the publication of

this volume is a step forward in adding the African experience to tackling global

sustainability discourse.

The SDGs were developed in 2012 at the Rio Conference on Development and

Sustainable Development (https://sustainabledevelopment.un.org/rio20) as a build

up from the eight Millennium Development Goals (https://www.un.org/millenni-

umgoals/) adopted in 2000. The SDGs were launched in 2015.

Contributions in this book volume provide a “dialogue with stakeholders” aspect

of sustainability reporting. In addition, the book illustrates the potential of academic

publishing to supplement and enhance conventional forms of sustainability

reporting in a developing African country such as Botswana. In engaging academic

publishing as an alternative platform through which state of country sustainability

is collated and described allows for more detailed descriptions and experiences on

the ground, as well as increases the diversity of stakeholders who become indepen-

dent “reporters” on topics addressed by the SDGs. The sample topics covered in this

volume illustrate this point well. Academic publishing therefore provides an alter-

native reporting platform that can be used to monitor the 2030 agenda.

The most conventional country experiences the achievement of SDGs usually

through a designated country’s government department in a ministry. For Botswana,

this is the task for the Ministry of Finance and Development Planning (https://www.

bw.undp.org/content/botswana/en/home/sustainable-development-goals.html;

Government of Botswana and United Nations Sustainable Development framework

(UNSDF), 2017–2021). Targeted reporting from other stakeholders such as aca-

demic research can also bring insights on sustainability tracking. Unlike country

reports, academic research on sustainability tracking can inform regional and conti-

nental perspectives. This approach resonates with the need to build local strategies

to achieve various SGDs as outlined by the United Nations.

Several stakeholders have made this book possible. In particular, we are grateful

to the contributors for working hard to provide content-rich topics for the manu-

script. We appreciate the publishing editor (Nitesh Shrivastava)’s patience and the

publisher’s willingness to put an African viewpoint on an international academic

platform. Earlier contribution by our colleague Dr Michael V.Flyman at the concep-

tual stage of this volume proposal is also acknowledged as it enriched the book

perspective.

We invite you to go through the book content and give feedback through various

online academic interaction channels.

DavidNorrisGaborone,Botswana

September 2020

Preface

vii

Contents

1 INTRODUCTION – Sustainability Reporting in African

Countries: The Research Outlet Approach . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1

Susan Osireditse Keitumetse, Luc Hens, and David Norris

Part I Biodiversity/Habitat

2 Potential Impact of Alien Invasive Plant Species

on Ecosystem Services in Botswana: A Review

on Prosopis juliflora and Salvinia molesta . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11

Keotshephile Kashe, Roger Heath, Alison Heath, Demel Teketay,

and Benjamin O. Thupe

3 Nutrients in a Changing Environment:

Implications on the Sustainability of the Okavango Delta . . . . . . . . . 33

Oarabile Mogobe, Bernice Setomba,

and Wellington R. L. Masamba

Part II Water Management & Human-Wildlife Nexus

4 Changing the Scale and Nature of Artificial Water

Points (AWP) Use and Adapting to Climate Change

in the Kalahari of Southern Africa . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 51

J. S. Perkins

5 Sustainable Management of Water, Wildlife

and Agriculture in Botswana: The Case of Mmadinare Area . . . . . . . 91

Masego Ayo Mpotokwane, O. M. Modise, R. N. Lekoko,

and O. T. Thakadu

viii

Part III World Heritage

6 Linking African World Heritage and Sustainable Development:

Appraisal of Policies, Concepts, Principles and Approaches

to Agenda 2030 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 113

Susan Osireditse Keitumetse

7 Land Use Planning, Land Development and Sustainable

Management of Great Zimbabwe World Heritage Site,

Masvingo Province, Zimbabwe . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 131

Ashley L. C. Maganzo and Marlvern Mabgwe

Part IV Tourism

8 Sustainable Tourism and the SDG’s in Botswana:

Prospects, Opportunities and Challenges Towards 2030 . . . . . . . . . . 153

Lesego S. Stone, Patricia K. Mogomotsi, Moren T. Stone,

Goemeone E. J. Mogomotsi, R. Malesu, and M. Somolekae

Part V Gender

9 Child Sexual Abuse (CSA) as a Gender Inequality Practice:

Applying Sustainable Development Goals . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 185

Nankie M. Ramabu

Part VI Education

10 Environmental Sustainability Education:

Driving Towards Achieving SDG 4 Through Teacher Education . . . . 207

Ntha Silo and M. J. Ketlhoilwe

11 Environmental Education in Botswana:

Successes and Constraints Towards the 2030 Agenda . . . . . . . . . . . . . 225

Kgosietsile Velempini

Part VII Institutions

12 Conservation Challenges, Resource Management

and Opportunities to Sustain Wildlife Biodiversity

in the Kalahari: Insights from a Local NGO,

Cheetah Conservation Botswana . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 243

L. K. Van der Weyde, J. Horgan, N. Ramsden, D. Thamage,

and R. Klein

13 Implementing Sustainable Development Goals

at Institutional Level: The Case of University of Botswana . . . . . . . . 265

Julius R. Atlhopheng, Bontle Mbongwe, and Thatayaone Segaetsho

Contents

14 Positioning the University of Botswana Towards

Achieving the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) . . . . . . . . . . . . 281

Goemeone E. J. Mogomotsi, Patricia K. Mogomotsi,

and David Norris

Part VIII Concluding Chapter

15 Realizing Sustainable Development Goals

in the Southern Sub-Region of Africa . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 297

Luc Hens and Susan Osireditse Keitumetse

Index . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 303

Contents

Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2020

S. O. Keitumetse etal. (eds.), Sustainability in Developing Countries,

https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-48351-7_1

Chapter 1

INTRODUCTION– Sustainability

Reporting inAfrican Countries:

TheResearch Outlet Approach

SusanOsireditseKeitumetse, LucHens, andDavidNorris

Abstract Sustainability reporting in most developing countries is perceived to be the

sole responsibility of national governments. However, targeted reporting from other

stakeholders such as research for instance can also bring insights to sustainability

tracking that may complement the country perspectives. This layer adds to the

“Dialogue with stakeholders” aspect of conventional sustainability reporting. Unlike

country reports, research on sustainability tracking can cover regional as well as con-

tinental perspective of issues that are perceived as local. This mode of sustainability

reporting is lacking in most African countries. The chapters in this book present a

country research perspective on sustainability issues, outlining the situation on the

ground, as well as potential solutions towards the 2030 Agenda.

Keywords Research and sustainability · Developing countries · SD Goals ·

Botswana · Southern Africa

1.1 Background

This publication provides case studies from various stakeholders on experiences

and strategies that can allow for achievement of SDGs in developing countries.

S. O. Keitumetse (*)

Okavango Research Institute (ORI), University of Botswana, Maun, Botswana

e-mail: [email protected]C.BW

L. Hens

Department of Economics, Entrepreneurship and Business-Administration,

Sumy State University, Sumy, Ukraine

Vlaamse Instelling voor Technologisch, Brussels, Belgium

D. Norris

University of Botswana, Gaborone, Botswana

e-mail: norrisd@ub.ac.bw